For animals key resources include food, water, and territory. For plants key resources include sunshine, nutrients, water, and a place to grow Ricklef, The biological or ecological resource definition is nature- centred biocentric or ecocentric. Natural resources which satisfy the material and spiritual needs of humans are the free gifts of the nature.
In other words, any material which is valuable and useful for humans is called a resource. These resources include physical like land, water, soils and minerals; biological living like vegetation, wildlife and fisheries. In fact every material has some utility for human beings but its utilisation is possible on the availability of appropriate technology. These materials turned into resources only when they could be used.
It is, therefore, human ability and need which create resource value. From a human perspective a natural resource is anything obtained from the environment to satisfy human needs and wants. In Computer Science, a computer resource is any physical or virtual component of limited availability within a computer or information management system.
Computer resources include means for input, processing, output, communication, and storage Morley, Resources have been variously categorized as biotic versus abiotic, renewable versus non-renewable, and potential versus actual, along with more elaborate classifications. The concept of resources cover a broad spectrum and these include: Resources can be classified in several ways: one the bases of i renewability, ii origin and iii utility.
Resources can be categorized on the basis of origin: i Biotic resources: - These resources include all living elements of the environment.
Forests and forest products, crops, birds, wildlife, fishes and other marine lives are the examples of biotic resources.
These resources reproduce and regenerate themselves, hence, are renewable. Coal and mineral oil are also biotic resources but they are non-renewable. Land resources, water resources, air atmospheric resources and minerals resources e. They are exhaustible and non-renewable as they cannot be regenerated or reproduced Getis et al, Many natural resources are essential for human survival, while others are used for satisfying human desire.
Conservation is the management of natural resources with the goal of sustainability Miller and Spoolman, Natural resources are also categorized based on the stage of development: iv Potential resources are known to exist and may be used in the future.
For example, petroleum may exist in many parts of India and Kuwait that have sedimentary rocks, but until the time it is actually drilled out and put into use, it remains a potential resource.
Potential resources are the ones of which we have insufficient knowledge or we do not have the technology to exploit them at present Getis et al, For example, petroleum and natural gas is actively being obtained from the Mumbai High Fields.
The development of an actual resource, such as wood processing depends upon the technology available and the cost involved. That part of the actual resource that can be developed profitably with available technology is called a reserve resource, while that part that cannot be developed profitably because of lack of technology is called a stock resource.
Actual resources are those resources whose location and quantity are known and we have the technology to exploit and use them. Minerals and fossils are included in this category. Since their rate of formation is extremely slow, they cannot be replenished, once they are depleted.
Out of these, the metallic minerals can be re- used by recycling them, but coal and petroleum cannot be recycled Ukpong, The highest rate at which a resource can be used sustainably is the sustainable yield.
Some resources, like sunlight, air, and wind, are called perpetual resources because they are available continuously, though at a limited rate. Their quantity is not affected by human consumption. Many renewable resources can be depleted by human use, but may also be replenished, thus maintaining a flow. Some of these, like agricultural crops, take a short time for renewal; others, like water, take a comparatively longer time, while still others, like forests, take even longer Ukpong, Dependent upon the speed and quantity of consumption, over-consumption can lead to depletion or total and everlasting destruction of a resource.
Important examples are agricultural areas, fish and other animals, forests, healthy water and soil, cultivated and natural landscapes. Such conditionally renewable resources are sometimes classified as a third kind of resource, or as a subtype of renewable resources. Conditionally renewable resources are presently subject to excess human consumption and the only sustainable long term use of such resources is within the so-called zero ecological footprint , wherein human use less than the Earth's ecological capacity to regenerate.
Natural resources are also categorized based on distribution: viii Ubiquitous resources are found everywhere e. On the basis of ownership, resources can be classified as: x Individual Resources: These resources are owned privately by individuals. For example farm land owned by farmers, urban people own plots, houses and other property.
For example the village common land for grazing, burial, village ponds, public parks, picnic spots, playgrounds are available to all the people living there.
Others include: xiv Labour or human resources: it is the chief explorer and organiser of all resources within an environment to achieve their maximum use Association of American Geographer, , the ability to coordinate the resources depends on knowledge and education, skills, level of technology, political stability, climate, birth and death rate, infrastructure, migration etc.
In economics, labour or human resources refers to the human effort in production of goods and rendering of services. Human resources can be defined in terms of skills, energy, talent, abilities, or knowledge Samuelson and Nordhaus, Tangible Strategies for Intangible Assets.
ISBN Getis, A. D and Fellman, J. D Introduction to Geography. Thirteenth Edition. McGraw Hill Companies. New York.
Pp Hut, PM Look for Relevant Electronic Resources In response to this question, the users were asked about where they look for relevant electronic resources on the internet. The data about this question is shown below in Table 1. So, from this study it is clear that half of the DUL users find their relevant e-resources with the use of web search engines. According to the respondents, See Figure 4. Here, it is found that, more than half of respondents used e-resources for learning purposes.
Another study by Rehman and Ramzy investigated the awareness and use of electronic information resources among health academics.
Results show that libraries are extensively used for research needs, preparation of lectures, and for obtaining current knowledge. Here it is found that, most of the users use e-journals rather than library catalogue, bibliographic databases and e-books.
See Figure 5. The above data are represented by the following figure 5 Figure 5: Type of electronic resources use Use Paid for Electronic Resources From the noticed of the respondents, it was found that, See Table 2. Analyzing the respondents reply, it was found that most of the users prefer to use electronic resources for up-to-date information than other features of electronic resources.
See figure 6. Figure 6: Features of electronic resources Valuation of Electronic Resources and Services Evaluation of content The Level of Materials Available From the findings, it shows that, out of the total respondents See Table 3. See the Table 4. See Table 6. Here we can decide that, the bandwidth is not adequate in DUL. See Table 8. So, overall easy navigation to resources in DUL is below average.
It means that 5. So, it was found that more than half of the users are generally satisfied with the e-resources use. See Table It means, See Figure 7. The above data are showing below in Figure 8. Benefits of E-Resources Findings showed that, The benefits of e-resources are showing below by the following Figure 9. This study reveals that, a majority of the users of DUL use e-resources for their learning purpose. Although DUL lacks of infrastructure facilities, the existing e-resources can fulfill user needs.
Moreover, DUL should arranges more training programmes for users, appoint trained professionals with ICT skills and accommodated users opinions on subscribing new e-journals. The e-journal cost is increasing day by day and among those the current issues are more costly than back issues.
Faster internet access should be offered to minimize download time. The Electronic Library, 23 6 , Crawford, J. A survey of the use of electronic services at Glasgow Caledonia University Library. The Electronic library, 18 4 , Dadzie, Perpetua S. Electronic resources: access and usage at Ashesi University College, campus-wide information systems, 22 5 , Aslib Proceedings, 47 9 , Herring, Susan D.
Use of electronic resources in scholarly electronic journals: a citation analysis. College and Research Libraries, 63 4 Ibrahim, Ahmed E. Libri, 54 1 , Kelly, Kimberly B. Trends in distant student use of electronic resources: a survey.
College and Research Libraries, 64 3 , Kumar, Arun, International Conference on Academic Libraries, 46, Miller, R. Electronic resources and academic libraries, a historical perspective. Library Trends, 48 4 , Monopli, M. Aslib Proceedings, 54 2 , Rao, Y. Availability of electronic resources at NIT libraries in India: a study.
International Conference on Academic Libraries, Student attitudes towards electronic information resources. Information Research, 4 2 , Rogers, S. Electronic journal usage at Ohio State University. College and Research Libraries, 62 1 , Sadia, H. The use and impact of electronic resources at the University of Lagos.
Library Philosophy and Practice,
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