The Plan was developed by a coalition of organizations that came together to form the National Physical Activity Plan Alliance. The Alliance is a non-profit organization committed to developing the Plan and taking actions that will enhance its effect on physical activity in the U. The Plan builds on the first U. National Physical Activity Plan, which was released in Like the original Plan, the Plan was developed through a process that engaged hundreds of professionals, researchers, and leaders from public and private organizations.
These individuals contributed to the work of nine Expert Panels, each of which focused on one societal sector. Each Expert Panel reviewed the Plan and recommended enhancements, refinements, and additions to the Strategies and Tactics that comprise the core content for its sector. A Revision Executive Committee oversaw the process of producing the current Plan.
Ultimately, the Plan is the responsibility of the Board of Directors of the National Physical Activity Plan Alliance, which approved this revised Plan prior to its release in April, The Plan is comprised of Overarching Priorities and Strategies and Tactics for each of the nine societal sectors. Overarching Priorities — A set of initiatives that the National Physical Activity Plan Alliance views as critical to moving the physical activity and public health field forward and accomplishing the overall goal of increasing physical activity in the U.
These priorities are relevant to all components of the Plan. Strategies and Tactics for the Societal Sectors — Specific evidence-informed approaches designed to promote physical activity through actions taken in each of nine societal sectors. Strategies are broad approaches, to be achieved through implementation of specific tactics. The National Physical Activity Plan is comprised of recommendations that are organized in nine societal sectors:.
Each sector presents strategies aimed at promoting physical activity. Each strategy also outlines specific tactics that communities, organizations and agencies, and individuals can use to address the strategy. Days of physical activity per week while traveling to school and from school, and frequency of physical activity level during physical education class, recess, and lunch.
Bars indicate confidence intervals. For high schools, adolescents at public schools had a mean score of 3. Similarly, adolescents at private schools had a higher mean score 3. For high-school adolescents, the means of physical activity were not different by school type for the other school-related opportunities of travel to school, travel from school, recess, or lunch.
The differences in physical activity in PE class were mainly from homeschool students, who reported they did not have PE class middle school, For a subset of adolescents who had PE class, we examined physical activity levels during class Table 3. School type and covariates were not significant for middle schools. For high school, the adjusted odds of higher physical activity levels for public-school adolescents was 5.
For middle school, homeschool adolescents reported less physical activity during school hours compared with public school adolescents. The overall difference in physical activity levels during school hours was likely due to lack of PE class. Studies to date of physical activity in private and homeschool adolescents have modest sample sizes, occur in a specific geographic locale, and do not include details about school-related opportunities for physical activity. Our findings suggest that homeschool students in middle and high school may be less likely to have PE class compared with public and private school students.
The main difference in physical activity was due to many homeschool students reporting not attending a PE class. Previous research has postulated that differences may be due to physical activity patterns during the day, such as not having recess or afterschool physical activity opportunities We found that middle-school adolescents who were homeschooled reported less physical activity during school, which is consistent with one previous study that found that homeschool students had lower levels of physical activity compared with public school students Specifically, levels of physical activity during PE class were lower for high-school homeschool students, compared with public or private school students.
As for other physical activity opportunities during school hours, there were no significant differences by school type for active travel to and from school, recess, or lunch time. In this national sample, we found that PE recommendations or requirements were similar for adolescents by school type.
However, state-level policies are not generally applicable to private and homeschools, because these schooling contexts may not be required to comply with these policies. Furthermore, measures of state-level policies can be problematic at public schools owing to variations in how school districts and individual schools implement these policies However, state-level policies may be a proxy for the awareness in a state of the importance of adolescent physical activity and may still influence private and homeschool practices.
The physical activity recommendations or requirements outside of PE class are much more varied; however, our sample was too small to explore the association of strength of law with physical activity by school type. Researchers have advised that private schools should employ PE specialists and follow recommended physical activity guidelines for adolescents to increase physical activity levels Similar recommendations could be extended to homeschools, with considerations about how to share PE facilities and resources.
Several additional approaches to increasing physical activity among homeschool students can be found in the recent literature. First, use of technology and social media have been widely explored as tools to increase physical activity.
Examples include physically active video games, such as indoor games eg, Kinect Adventures! Xbox ; Just Dance 20,21 , outdoor games eg, Pokemon Go 22,23 , and use of social media channels for promotion or as a source of training and guidance eg, Facebook, YouTube 24, Finally, the promotion and activation of neighborhood parks 31,32 , or state and national parks, forests, and trails 33 with resources like Discover the Forest discovertheforest.
More research is needed into how shared-use agreements may leverage community resources, such as recreation centers or public pools, to facilitate homeschool PE Similarly, research is needed to assess the participation rate of homeschool students in existing programs for PE classes eg, YMCA locations that offer PE classes [35,36] and potential barriers eg, cost, distance.
Finally, more research is needed into the dissemination of tailored physical activity guidelines and curricular activities for homeschools to meet the guidelines. Public health partnerships with national home school associations could be a start to fostering a physical activity module for the homeschool curricula.
Our study had several limitations. The cross-sectional nature limited our analyses to correlational and prevented inference about school type and adolescent physical activity. The limited sample size is also an issue of many homeschool physical activity studies. FLASHE contains a larger sample of homeschool students compared with the national prevalence, which may have improved our chance of understanding homeschool student physical activity compared with public or private school students from this sample.
Conversely, the national prevalence of private school students is 9. We sought a data set that had large sample of adolescents, was national in coverage, and asked respondents specifically when physical activity occurred during the school day and on weekends.
Participants in our study had higher family socioeconomic status and a larger percentage of parents who were predominantly female and non-Hispanic white compared with the US population; these differences may have resulted from data being drawn from FLASHE, an internet panel sample For measures of the policy context, we used state-level policies stipulating public school PE and physical activity requirements Stronger legislation is associated with an increase in levels of student physical activity in public schools Youth Fit For Life.
Designed to enhance spinal flexibility and improve physical functioning for older adults. Bienestar Criteria Matched: Physical Activity. School-based program designed to promote healthy dietary habits and increase physical activity among elementary school students. The program is designed to promote healthy dietary habits and increase physical activity among children aged years to reduce obesity. Designed to test the efficacy of vigorous-intensity physical activity as an aid for smoking cessation for women.
Designed to promote healthy eating habits and increase physical activity among children and adolescents. School-based program designed to increase physical activity and promote healthy dietary habits among 4th and 5th grade students.
Designed to increase physical activity and promote healthy dietary habits to reduce obesity. Community-based program designed to promote healthy dietary habits and increase physical activity. Designed for pediatric primary care practices to promote healthy dietary habits and increase physical activity to reduce obesity.
0コメント